{"id":8507,"date":"2018-01-08T14:00:43","date_gmt":"2018-01-08T14:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/edu\/?p=8507"},"modified":"2018-01-08T14:00:43","modified_gmt":"2018-01-08T14:00:43","slug":"%d8%a3-%d9%85-%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%af-%d8%b3%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%b4%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edu.qu.edu.iq\/?p=8507","title":{"rendered":"\u0623.\u0645.\u00a0\u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0628\u0640\u064a\u0640\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0634\u0640\u062e\u0640\u0635\u0640\u064a\u0640\u0629<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 : <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 – \u062d\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 : <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n1979 \u2013 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0644 :<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n07811959115<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 : <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n00732165<\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a :<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nAmjad.almahawily@qu.edu.iq<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0639\u0640\u0644\u0640\u0645\u0640\u064a\u0629<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n2007<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
 <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
 <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 <\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 17\/3\/2008<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n18\/3\/2008<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 26\/9\/2010<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 :<\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0625\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/span><\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/span><\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/span><\/td>\n7\/9\/2017<\/span><\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 <\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
 <\/td>\n\u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f : <\/strong>\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a \u2013 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627) \u2013 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u2013 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 : \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (1453-1789)<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a <\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
 <\/td>\n\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 : \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u2013 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 <\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

” \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a ” <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ((\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629)) \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 (1841-1886) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

(( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u064a<\/strong>))<\/span><\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/span><\/td>\n\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1848-1896)\u00a0\u00a0 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629” \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u00a0– \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 “<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/span><\/td>\n\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

(( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u062a\u064a<\/strong>))<\/span><\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/span><\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>(1936-1937)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0” \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 “<\/span><\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 ((\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>)) \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 (( \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a )) \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 : ” \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a ” \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1924) \u0648 (1927)) \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1935(\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629)” . <\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a : \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 : \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 ” \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ” \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 ((1927\u0645)) \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a ” \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 ” \u0648” \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 ” \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 … \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 ((\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629)) \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u00a0 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0645 ((1935\u0645)) \u0641\u064a ” \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641\u00a0 – \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0635\u062e\u064a\u0631… “<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 : ” \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a ” \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c ” .<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 : ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 … \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a ” .<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 : ” \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u062a\u064a (1933-1977) \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 … \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 … \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 ” . <\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 : ” \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u2013 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00a0 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u00a0 ” . <\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 : ” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e … \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 ” . <\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 : ” \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (( \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 … \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f )) ” . <\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 : ” \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0628\u0649 (\u0639) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 ” .<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 :\u00a0 ” \u0628\u0646\u0648\u00a0 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f (\u0639) \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 ” \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 ” \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 ” .<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 :\u00a0 ” \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a ” \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 ” .<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 : ” \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a ” .<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 : \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\ufef9\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a ” \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b ” .<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n
    • \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 , \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 .<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 ” \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 “, \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 .<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 : \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a , \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 .\u00a0 <\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 : \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (1453-1789) , \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
 <\/td>\n\u00a0\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 , \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621<\/span><\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 <\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Google scholar<\/span><\/td>\nAmjedshlal@gmail.com<\/span><\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Research gate<\/span><\/td>\namjad-almahawily@qu.edu.iq<\/span><\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a <\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/span><\/td>\n\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 <\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n18-19\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u06462012<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nHuman Sciences -Jounal@yahoo.com<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2012<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nDr_alnasser9@yahoo.com<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1848-1896)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632-\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u06442012<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nArtsqad_jour95@yahoo.com<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\ufef7\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 ” \u0627\ufef9\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1962<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n2015<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nGollege Education -Jounal@yahoo.com<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n–<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n2015<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\njasha@coat.uobaghdad.edu.iq<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2016<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nDr_alnasser9@yahoo.com<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0628\u0640\u064a\u0640\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0634\u0640\u062e\u0640\u0635\u0640\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 : \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 – \u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 … \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edu.qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edu.qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edu.qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/42"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8507"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edu.qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8507\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edu.qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}